His long-range goal is to design robots that can explore the depths that are difficult for humans to reach. He is a biorobotics expert who is developing an undersea exploration vehicle that uses “legged locomotion,” inspired by the way an octopus moves under water. Learning more about the seafloor and the rest of the ocean is the passion of National Geographic Explorer Marcello Calisti. Currently, scientists know of around 226,000 ocean species. It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered, with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered. Still, there may be many positive surprises awaiting oceanographers in the years ahead. With many marine ecosystems suffering from rising sea temperatures, pollution, and other problems, some oceanographers believe the number of species is dropping. It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3,720 meters (12,200 feet). On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves-parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean. The peak of the world’s tallest mountain-Mount Everest in the Himalaya, measuring 8.84 kilometers (5.49 miles) high-would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. For example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons, known as trenches, just like those on land. A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than of our own ocean floor.Īlthough there is much more to learn, oceanographers have already made some amazing discoveries. More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped, explored, or even seen by humans. Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth, the ocean remains a mystery. Because of this, the ocean has considerable impact on weather, temperature, and the food supply of humans and other organisms. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the world ocean basins. The ocean is one huge body of water that covers about 71 of the Planet’s surface its waters are connected throughout the globe (therefore it is also called the Global Ocean), yet human beings have come to split it into five main basins based on historical, geographical, and cultural factors. Beginning in the 20th century, some oceanographers labeled the seas around Antarctica the Southern Ocean, and in 2021 National Geographic officially recognized this fifth ocean.Īn estimated 97 percent of the world’s water is found in the ocean. The planet has one global ocean, though oceanographers and the countries of the world have traditionally divided it into four distinct regions: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans. The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface.
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